THE GREAT WAR

DEATH OF DARIUS (486 BC). XERXES. MARDONIUS.

SICILY. PHOENICIANS CARTHAGE. TANIT (AND BAAL). TOPHET. MOTYA. SYRACUSE. TYRANNY. MERCENARIES. GELON (GELA).

THEMISTOCLES THE ATHENIAN. MINES AT LAURIUM. BATTLE OF HIMERA (480 BC), HAMILCAR.

INVASION BY LAND AND BY SEA. BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE (480 BC). LEONIDAS AND THE THREE HUNDRED SPARTANS. EURYBIADES, COMMANDER OF THE FLEET AT ARTEMISIUM. THE TRAITOR EPHIALTES.

SALAMIS. "THE WOODEN WALLS." SACK OF ATHENS. THEMISTOCLES' TRICK.

MARDONIUS. BATTLES OF PLATAEA (IN BOEOTIA) AND MYCALE (IN IONIA)

–HERODOTUS OF HALICARNASSUS (?485-425). LACK OF RECORDS. ORAL FEATURES: THE DEEDS OF MEN;

–HISTORY AS MORALITY: KOROS (SATIETY), ATê (INFATUATION), HYBRIS (VIOLENCE), NEMESIS (RETRIBUTION). PHTHONOS (ENVY) OF THE GODS.

CROESUS AND SOLON (RICHEST MAN VS. WISEST MAN). XERXES "THE GREAT KING"AS EXEMPLAR OF H.’S MORAL VISION

–OTHER THEMES: CULTURAL RELATIVISM: "ALL IS CUSTOM." GREEK PESSIMISM: "FATED TO END ILL"; COUNT NO MAN HAPPY TILL HE'S DEAD.