SPARTA AND ATHENS

SPARTA. THE DORIAN INVASION (C. 1200 BC?). LACONIA, LACEDAEMON. THE "SPARTAN MIRAGE." PLUTARCH (2^ND C. AD). LYCURGUS (8^TH BC?). MALE MESS HALL. FEMALE NUDITY. SPARTIATES, PERIOIKOI ("DWELLERS-AROUND"), HELOTS. MESSENIA. DOUBLE MONARCHY, ELDERS (28), EPHORS (5), ASSEMBLY (5,000? ADULT MALES).

ATHENS. DEBT-SLAVERY, CLASS WARFARE (7^TH BC). DRAKON (621 BC) SOLON (590 BC). CANCELLATION OF DEBTS, REDISTRIBUTION OF THE LAND. DIVISION INTO FOUR CLASSES. ARCHONS ("RULERS," 9). AREOPAGUS ("STAKE OF ARES"). ASSEMBLY (20,000? ADULT MALES). COUNCIL OF 400. FOREIGN SLAVES (25%). PISISTRATUS (561 BC). EXILE AND RETURN (551 BC, 546 BC). TEMPLES, FESTIVALS. HARMODIUS (eromenos) AND ARISTOGEITON (erastes). MURDER OF HIPPARCHUS (BROTHER OF HIPPIAS, 514 BC).

REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES (508 BC). DEMOKRATIA ("RULE BY THE DEMOS"). TEN NEW TRIBES, TRITTYES ("THIRTIETH") COUNCIL OF 500, ASSEMBLY. OSTRACISM.